Bureaucracies

• The new industrial state= the system which satisfies everything that is a human need.
• Max Vaber looked at the rise of bureaucracy. He believed that charisma is essential to gain bureaucratic power.
• The main source of power is by having a legal routine authority (dividing and sorting out rules).
• Keynes was concerned with over population. He believed that foreigners will come to wherever the money is. Government spending can defer the problem but isn't able to ultimately solve the problem. In order to forever defer the problem, money should just be printed according to Keynes because even inflation can be controlled.

The Depression

• Capitalism collapsed in 1930s and so there was famine and mass unemployment. This meant that many went into the army. Keynes supported this military movement ( military Keynesianism).
• 1950s was the era of American prosperity. Keynes is the great 'God'. The far left/ far right (including Heidegger, Sartre, Maoism and Franz Fanon etc) is 'beaucratic technological militaristic nihilism'.
• Global fight between capitalists and workers.
• America spend vast amounts of money on the military in order to keep people employed. This is the equivalent to the NHS in the UK.
• Nihilism is prevalent for Western civilisation according to Heidegger. The most obvious form of nihilism being religion.

The new industrial state

• 'The military Industrial Complex' (Eisenhower). Need to avoid conspiracy theories, people from elites naturally think the answer is to increase public spending but tell everyone it's being reduced.
• People want an aristocracy not a democracy. A highly trained, intelligent bureaucrat is what's needed to run the country.
• Heidegger suggests it to be a violent movement ( nuclear weapons-government spending).

Critiques of the managed society

• Intellectual revival of Adam Smith and Hume (and Aristotle against Kant and German Idealism). Reaction against subjectivity and against existentialism. The importance of money as an objective measured of social worth and the point of social existence.

1. Joesph Conrad- Heart of Darkness.
2. Anthropology- reveals the essential irrationality of man, rejection of Rousseau's (and Marx/Engles) point of view of pre-historic human nature. The true human is a violent monster and females exists only to reproduce.
3. Frazer- The Golden Bough- Real human nature is subordinate males.
4. Vietnam- The first 'entirely bureaucratic technological' war, an 'automated death machine'. The end of the age of the nation state (the defeat of the USA). Also the end of the age of Enlightenment in terms of Heidegger.