I apologise as I know the microphone is a tad crackly but I tried
several times to get it to stop by changing how close I was to the
microphone but nothing seemed to work!
Thursday, 16 February 2012
Wednesday, 15 February 2012
Radio News Story for Annette
Thieves have broken into the Museum of Army Flying in Andover and have stolen a large bronze eagle statue from the Memorial Garden in the museum. The statue is said to be worth approximately £9,000.
The Museum of Army Flying is a registered charity and depends on public support. Therefore, they cannot afford to replace the statue.
In this economic climate, metal thieves are increasing as scrap metal dealers are willing to pay more money for metal.
Police are currently investigating this crime.
Marx
Marx was a revolutionary and was born in 1818 in German (converted to Lutherism) and was of Jewish Heritage. Marx studied Law, Philosophy and revolution.
Marx, however, ventured on to a different career path once again as a journalist and editor for the 'Communist Manifesto' in 1848. Marx's radical ideas caused controversy and caused him to flee to London where he later died in 1883.
The writing on his tombstone: ''Workers of the world unite' expressed Marx's opinion that you can explain everything about society by analysing the way economic forces shape social, religious, legal and political processes: 'The philosophers have only interpreted the world- the point however is to change it''
Politics was less important for Marx and economics became a dominate factor throughout.
Aristotle said that man is a rational animal, for Plato the political animal, for Kant a moral animal and for Hegel a historic animals. For Marx man is the productive animal. Mankind creates the environment it inhabits: ''Not a figure in the landscape, but the shaper of the landscape.'' Technological determinism- teleological approach to history (Hegel). He believed history has a process that's driving towards an end.
Marx achieved (according to Engels) a fusion of:
Hegel
Hegel believed that spirit guides history towards an end point where history will lower itself ( seeking self knowledge). History ends when spirit will achieve full self- knowledge and become the absolute spirit. This process works through the dialectic:
''Have the world to win'' Marx couldn't understand why people of a lower class E.g slaves etc. don't fight/ campaign for change. Marx believed that the reason why people of a lower class were afraid was due to Alienation. Capitalism alienates men from themselves and from each other. People begin to value things over each other and encourages avarice, competition and inequality.
Communism
Thesis: The Bourgeoisie (free market capitalism, liberal state, individual rights)
Antithesis: The Proletariat.
Synthesis: Socialism.
Seeds of its own destruction: ''Capitalism produces all things in profusion but most of all it produces its own grave diggers.'' ( Das Capital)
Capitalism will try to survive by investing in better technology and exporting products.
Marx believes that the fall of Capitalism and the rise of the Proletariat are equally inevitable. The Proletarians would rise up and dispossess the bourgeoisie- dictatorship of the Proletariat. This would result in socialism. Communist society is characterised by equality and true justice and the evolution of a truly free individual.
Context of Marx's work:
The revolutions 1848- Spring of Nations. Europe had a wide explosion of revolutions- France, Italy, Austria and Germany were all key countries. Most were put down and the British Empire grew quickly. Germany failed to make political advances like in England due to revolutions. Aristocracy remained in control of power and the middle class were excluded from political power. Therefore they turned back to education and culture the primary factors of socialisation. Freedom began to be viewed as within the individual rather than society.
Marx, however, ventured on to a different career path once again as a journalist and editor for the 'Communist Manifesto' in 1848. Marx's radical ideas caused controversy and caused him to flee to London where he later died in 1883.
The writing on his tombstone: ''Workers of the world unite' expressed Marx's opinion that you can explain everything about society by analysing the way economic forces shape social, religious, legal and political processes: 'The philosophers have only interpreted the world- the point however is to change it''
Politics was less important for Marx and economics became a dominate factor throughout.
Aristotle said that man is a rational animal, for Plato the political animal, for Kant a moral animal and for Hegel a historic animals. For Marx man is the productive animal. Mankind creates the environment it inhabits: ''Not a figure in the landscape, but the shaper of the landscape.'' Technological determinism- teleological approach to history (Hegel). He believed history has a process that's driving towards an end.
Marx achieved (according to Engels) a fusion of:
- Hegelian Philosophy ( the philosophy of history and dialectics)
- British Empiricism (economics of Smith)
- French revolutionary Politics/ socialist politics ( ''Man is born free but everywhere is in chains.'')
Hegel
Hegel believed that spirit guides history towards an end point where history will lower itself ( seeking self knowledge). History ends when spirit will achieve full self- knowledge and become the absolute spirit. This process works through the dialectic:
- Thesis ( proposition)
- Antithesis ( counter - propositions- contradictions- negation)
- Synthesis ( combination/ refuting of one position)
''Have the world to win'' Marx couldn't understand why people of a lower class E.g slaves etc. don't fight/ campaign for change. Marx believed that the reason why people of a lower class were afraid was due to Alienation. Capitalism alienates men from themselves and from each other. People begin to value things over each other and encourages avarice, competition and inequality.
Communism
Thesis: The Bourgeoisie (free market capitalism, liberal state, individual rights)
Antithesis: The Proletariat.
Synthesis: Socialism.
Seeds of its own destruction: ''Capitalism produces all things in profusion but most of all it produces its own grave diggers.'' ( Das Capital)
Capitalism will try to survive by investing in better technology and exporting products.
Marx believes that the fall of Capitalism and the rise of the Proletariat are equally inevitable. The Proletarians would rise up and dispossess the bourgeoisie- dictatorship of the Proletariat. This would result in socialism. Communist society is characterised by equality and true justice and the evolution of a truly free individual.
Context of Marx's work:
The revolutions 1848- Spring of Nations. Europe had a wide explosion of revolutions- France, Italy, Austria and Germany were all key countries. Most were put down and the British Empire grew quickly. Germany failed to make political advances like in England due to revolutions. Aristocracy remained in control of power and the middle class were excluded from political power. Therefore they turned back to education and culture the primary factors of socialisation. Freedom began to be viewed as within the individual rather than society.
Public Affairs- Councils
- The Court is separate from the council which means that an MP is also separate from the council. For instance Steve Brian the local MP for Winchester ( Torie) represents Winchester in Parliament but he has no direct control in any council or Courts.
- 'A Clinic Book' is a tool which MPs use to allow members of the public to raise a query to councils/parliament, however, they have no actual power to ensure these queries are resolved.
- There are three types of council:
- City Council
- District Council
- Parish Council
The Parish Council are underneath the City Counciln in terms of ranks.
- District Council is responsible for:
- Dead Animals
- Parking
- Abandoned Vehicles
- Winchester City Council is responsible for:
- Bins
- Leisure
- Health
- Environmental issues
- Parking
- In the City Council they have Unitary authorities which means that all the councils are together as one layer. For example Southampton City Council is at the same level as Hampshire County Council.
- Councils are organised like Parliament in Westminster, for instance you can have a cabinet if you have a big party etc.
- It is within the Public's Interest to report on council meetings and also qualified privilege gives you the freedom to report on council meetings without any risk of being sued for libel/ defamation. However, due to the terms of the Defamation Act 1996 you need to give any person the opportunity to defend themselves, or their actions.
- Local authorities are funded by a combination of grants from central government, council tax and business rates.
- Councillors are elected from a place called a Word.
- MPs are elected from a constituency.
- People who come in to talk to the council during a council meeting are called Civil Servants- they are people from a particular profession who come in to talk about their profession.
Wednesday, 8 February 2012
Radio Interview basics
The key two elements of producing a successful radio interview is:
- Good, sensible questioning.
- The proper use of your equipment.
- You know the equipment well and know how to use it before you set out.
- Make sure that your equipment is fully charged ( if necessary take spare batteries).
- It may sounding silly but make sure that you are actually recording and have pressed record.
- You are holding the microphone with a firm, steady hand.
- The microphone is plugged into the correct hole of the recorder.
- Leave ambiance at the end of the recoding rather than having an abrupt stop.
- Don't always go for a quiet room, give audio the most texture (the actuality) background sounds add to the atmosphere of the clip.
- Avoid echo.
- Beware of sounds such as the air con or the boiler which will sound alot louder on audio.
- Keep away from heavy traffic noises.
- Manually set the recording levels if it is noisy.
- The best interviews are unscripted chats. Have just a few questions or key ideas prepared.
- Listen to the answers you are being given and if the answer is something which interests you, develop the answer with another question.
- Use simple, straight forward questions: 'Who, what, how, when, where, why?'
- Avoid using closed questions (questions which require a yes or no answer).
- Do your research into the interviewee's work etc. Expand your knowledge.
- Nod to encourage your interviewee but do not speak as this will be tricky to edit out later.
- Always be in control of the interview, remember you're the one asking the questions.
Radio Production for beginners
Radio is intimate, immediate and personal. Arguably TV may seem to be more personal, radio, however,makes the listener feel included by creating visual images and keeping the conversation following as if you're listening to an old friend rather than a complete stranger in a studio.
Radio news comes in different forms. For example the amount of news broadcast depends on the particular radio station's target market. For instance Radio 1 is aimed at a younger audience and therefore provides short, informative summaries of the news. Whereas on the other hand stations such as Radio 4 with cover the news in more detail and dedicated more time to the news. This is because their target audience is of a much elder generation than the audience of Radio 1 and so they desire a more detailed coverage. The style and format of a radio show is dictated by ther target audience.
Target Audiences
A standard radio show would usually contain a selection of the following:
These are a summary of what the news stories of the day are. You will either then continue with a bulletin or programme which gives the audience more detail of the story, or simply have a stand alone bulletin.
Bulletin
These are expanded packages or features which explore a particular subject or issue in much more detail than is possible in either a news or a magazine programme.
Radio news comes in different forms. For example the amount of news broadcast depends on the particular radio station's target market. For instance Radio 1 is aimed at a younger audience and therefore provides short, informative summaries of the news. Whereas on the other hand stations such as Radio 4 with cover the news in more detail and dedicated more time to the news. This is because their target audience is of a much elder generation than the audience of Radio 1 and so they desire a more detailed coverage. The style and format of a radio show is dictated by ther target audience.
Target Audiences
- Target audiences are defined by age and social demographic ( A,B,C1,C2,D and E).
- The As and Bs are people of a high salary profession.
- Bs are professional jobs such as doctors and lawyers etc.
- C1s are people who have desk jobs.
- C2s are skilled manual workers.
- Ds are the working class (unskilled)
- and the Es are the people of the lowest income/people on benefits.
- Age is categorised in groups 10-20 years. For example, 16-24 25-44 etc.
A standard radio show would usually contain a selection of the following:
- Headlines
- Bulletins
- News Programmes
- Magazine Programmes
- Documentaries
These are a summary of what the news stories of the day are. You will either then continue with a bulletin or programme which gives the audience more detail of the story, or simply have a stand alone bulletin.
Bulletin
- These usually last between 2-5 minutes and start with a headline and contain audio cuts of interviews or vox pops ( a series of answers given by the public to one particular question).
- A voicer or voicepiece is where another journalist summaries a story.
- These usually begin with headlines and explore top stories in greater depth.
- Other news stories are included too along with interviews which will either be prerecorded.
- Outside broadcasts.
- Debate, comment and commentary.
- packages.
- These may be specific or wide-ranging but generally magazine programmes have specific remit. For example 'you and yours'.
- They are less likely to include headlines or bulletins but may react to the top stories of the day.
- Cover stories are usually both topical and timeless or may often use a topical story as a peg on which hang on an otherwise timeless issue.
- Listener interaction is sometimes used.
- Packages are cues read by the presenter. The cue may include an introduction and conclusion by the reporter or participant.
- Reporter links are recorded either in the studio or on location.
- There will be be at least one interview as well as vox pops, music, sfx, actuality and archive clips.
These are expanded packages or features which explore a particular subject or issue in much more detail than is possible in either a news or a magazine programme.
Sunday, 22 January 2012
A Tale of Two Revolutions
The two revolutions were:
In 1698 Scotland attempts to set up a colony in central America but turned out to be a disaster. The place was called Darien and was a 'malorial swamp' and Scotland lost 1/5 of its wealth. This financially and psychologically knackered Scotland and surrendered sovereignty in the Act of Union with England.
England/ the UK did very well out of the French Revolution although the Napoleonic War was very expensive and so income tax was created in 1799 in order to pay for war effort.
British Naval power was absolute and the blockades of the French Ports destroyed French trade and created a boom for British exports. Britain started building its empire: India, Singapore, South Africa and Sri Lanka.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was enormously profitable for Britain. In the 16th Century one million slaves were transported from Africa to America in exchange for cotton and by the 17th Century this numbered had increased to 7 million slaves being transported to America.
The end of the war meant that there was widespread unemployment and a fall in wages. In response to this The Corn Laws were created in 1815-1846. These laws meant that a tariff was put on imported grains. This tax that was on all food in the UK to protect farming in the UK. However, no one could afford the produce.
The Industrial Revolution caused Manchester to be considered the centre of the world because the city was the centre of this revolution. It was 'hell on Earth' with immense pollution and people lived in slums. Cholera was very common.
Politics- Pressure began to build for reform which saw the beginning of Socialist Movement' in the UK called 'Peterloo Massacre' in 1819 in Manchester. Cavalry charged a crowd of 60,000 demanding parliamentary reform-11 people died. Protesters demanded that growing cities should have the right to elect a MP. This meant that the Reform Act was to be more democratic and expand those who are eligible to vote.
Farming- There was nothing to stop people from choosing to transfer from a non-industrial work force to and industrial one. Thousands of farm workers came to the city to look for work since they had given up on the country. After 1770 these figure began to double every 50 years.
Utilitarianism is the belief that happiness is pleasure and pain should be absent from life. This favours those who promote the happiness and reduce pain. Workhouses were therefore started based on the Utilitarian beliefs of Jeremy Bentham and the New Poor Law Act was created in 1834. No able bodied person was to receive money or any help except from within a workhouse. This Act effectively criminalised the poor since people were given just enough food to survive yet an amount so small which would slowly kill them. In return for this food they would have to do horrible jobs. Therefore, Bentham wanted to help the poor in such a bad way that they wouldn't want to do it.
- The French Revolution- A turning point in European Politics
- The Industrial Revolution- Transformed Britain and the world with the new idea of the factory and mass production.
In 1698 Scotland attempts to set up a colony in central America but turned out to be a disaster. The place was called Darien and was a 'malorial swamp' and Scotland lost 1/5 of its wealth. This financially and psychologically knackered Scotland and surrendered sovereignty in the Act of Union with England.
England/ the UK did very well out of the French Revolution although the Napoleonic War was very expensive and so income tax was created in 1799 in order to pay for war effort.
British Naval power was absolute and the blockades of the French Ports destroyed French trade and created a boom for British exports. Britain started building its empire: India, Singapore, South Africa and Sri Lanka.
The Transatlantic Triangular Trade was enormously profitable for Britain. In the 16th Century one million slaves were transported from Africa to America in exchange for cotton and by the 17th Century this numbered had increased to 7 million slaves being transported to America.
The end of the war meant that there was widespread unemployment and a fall in wages. In response to this The Corn Laws were created in 1815-1846. These laws meant that a tariff was put on imported grains. This tax that was on all food in the UK to protect farming in the UK. However, no one could afford the produce.
The Industrial Revolution caused Manchester to be considered the centre of the world because the city was the centre of this revolution. It was 'hell on Earth' with immense pollution and people lived in slums. Cholera was very common.
Politics- Pressure began to build for reform which saw the beginning of Socialist Movement' in the UK called 'Peterloo Massacre' in 1819 in Manchester. Cavalry charged a crowd of 60,000 demanding parliamentary reform-11 people died. Protesters demanded that growing cities should have the right to elect a MP. This meant that the Reform Act was to be more democratic and expand those who are eligible to vote.
Farming- There was nothing to stop people from choosing to transfer from a non-industrial work force to and industrial one. Thousands of farm workers came to the city to look for work since they had given up on the country. After 1770 these figure began to double every 50 years.
Utilitarianism is the belief that happiness is pleasure and pain should be absent from life. This favours those who promote the happiness and reduce pain. Workhouses were therefore started based on the Utilitarian beliefs of Jeremy Bentham and the New Poor Law Act was created in 1834. No able bodied person was to receive money or any help except from within a workhouse. This Act effectively criminalised the poor since people were given just enough food to survive yet an amount so small which would slowly kill them. In return for this food they would have to do horrible jobs. Therefore, Bentham wanted to help the poor in such a bad way that they wouldn't want to do it.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)